Political Communication in the Global Age - Does political advertising Essay

Political Communication in the Global Age - Does political advertising undermine or support democracy - Essay Example Most of their competitive campaigns include huge numbers of advertisements and negative appeal. Such campaigns can overwhelm voters. It makes them think these communications are manipulative and may turn them off. However, at the same time, such communications and campaigns are responsible for giving people access to information, keeping them up to date and engaged, it mobilizes them, gives them choice, gives them freedom, help those who are politically unsophisticated and bring many other advantages that positively impact democracy. Political advertising supports democracy by giving people choice and access to information as it is but to enable it to facilitate order and democracy even more, it should be driven by some regulations. More research needs to be carried out to identify gaps in political advertising versus democracy. When customers are in the process of making a decision about a commercial product – whether to buy it or not; they need to have information about that product. Better yet, they should be able to engage and interact with the product to get a better idea about it. In my opinion, having this information makes these customers powerful and facilitates decision-making. However, whether this decision is the â€Å"best† one or not is unclear until customers actually start using a product after purchase. Similarly, before voting, customers might need relevant information to be able to vote. At the same time however, well-equipped and even better funded candidates and political parties can devastate the voter with their political advertising campaigns that may include negative, competitive and attack ads. This paper will look at the arguments for and against political advertising and its relationship with democracy. It will then conclude whether political advertising undermines or supports democracy. To give readers a head start, the following section will explain what political advertising is and how, as a marketing tool,

Racial Discrimination Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Racial Discrimination - Research Paper Example The enforcement of laws under Title VII is done by The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and does not protect age discrimination or disability discrimination that are dealt by the Age Discrimination in Employment Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act. Employers under the jurisdiction of Title VII include private sector companies whose commercial operations affect â€Å"interstate commerce† and who employ 15 or more employees, Federal, state, and local government employers, Unions, Employment agencies (making hiring referrals). The law permits discrimination on religion, sex, and national origin if there is a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) rationally essential for standard business operations. Organizations that are exempted from Title VII prohibitions and protections are religious organizations, scholastic institutions, or societies, employing persons of a particular religion; bona fide, tax-exempt private clubs; contracts that contain a Bona fi de occupational qualification necessary to perform the job; and aliens employed outside the United States. It is important to note that Title VII does not prohibit all discrimination. Employers are open to study factors such as experience; job knowledge, personality characteristics, provided those factors are interconnected to the job in question. Title VII remedies include reinstatement, back pay, damages and attorney's fees (Feldman, Fox & Morgado, PA). Backpay and similar retrospective support, presented to recipients of employer discrimination, is proposed to reimburse individuals for monetary losses straightforwardly traceable to discriminatory practices. Front pay is remuneration granted for lost compensation (opportunity cost) during the period between judgment and reinstatement. Similar to back pay, front pay fundamentally is the counterpart of lost incomes. A principal petitioner can recover attorney fees under Title VII, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Furthermore, main parties recover "costs" which include filing fees, transcripts, and other entries. Punitive damages exist in cases result from under Title VII (discrimination because of race, sex, national origin, and religion) and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), but not the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA). These damages are created to reprimand past misconducts and discourage future wrongdoings, and the plaintiff must demonstrate that the employer acted with "malice" or in irresponsible neglect for federally protected legal rights. Elements necessary to establish a prima facie case of employment discrimination? The plaintiff must initially present a prima facie case of discrimination. A prima facie case is that minimum amount of evidence required to claim a legitimate question of discrimination (Air Force Alternative Dispute Resolution Program).

Action Plan Development for Administration of Medicine Essay

Action Plan Development for Administration of Medicine - Essay Example The preparation of an action plan is quite vital in ensuring student and practicing nurses achieve their objectives. Thus, instead of worrying about the future, it pays to start planning for it through action plans. The main steps in the drafting of an action plan include the identification of objectives, the setting of achievable and measurable objectives, prioritisation of tasks and the identification of the necessary steps to achieving goals. The other steps include being able to effectively work under pressure and complete tasks in time. By writing down objectives, one’s goals and dreams are turned into plans, provided the plan is thought out, acted on and reflected upon. Importantly, a timetable would ensure a nurse’s action plan is effective, has clear-set goals and defined steps. This action plan on administration of medicine explores the areas in which I have tangible and sufficient coverage, knowledge and skills and the areas that need improvement. Moreover, th e action plan covers the strategies, interventions and the timetable by which the improvements will be achieved. Achievements in Drug Administration At this level of my nursing course, I have covered quite a vast area as far as medication administration is concerned. Most important in the areas covered are the general implications and principles of medication administrations. Although a common practice among nurses, medicine administration is a rather crucial clinical procedure, which refers to the manner in which medicine is delivered and controlled. In fact, the manner in which medicine is administered determines the probability of a patient gaining any clinical benefits or suffering diverse effects of medication (Doerr-MacEwen & Haight, 2006). Among the major areas of medication administration so far covered include the factors affecting drug bioavailability, types/routes of drug administration, and NMC’s guide for administration of medicines among other areas. Drug bioava ilability refers to the proportion of an administered medication, which actually reaches a patient’s systemic circulation and is distributed to the intended action site using the different routes of administration result that result in different levels of bioavailability. This is an important knowledge on medicine administration given that nurses should understand the best route that would yield the most bioavailability for a drug. For instance, drugs delivered through direct IV injection supposedly have 100% bioavailability. In addition, certain types of drugs are absorbed best in certain organs or systems of the body. For example, if administered so that they are absorbed by the gastrointestinal mucosa, certain medicines could end up having bioavailability comparable to that of an IV injected drugs. Unfortunately, many drugs lack the level of bioavailability by the oral route, implying that they their oral dosage is usually higher than if given parenterally, which refers to the administration of a medication into the body via routes other than the gastro-intestinal tract (Miller &Miller, 2011). These routes could be infusion, injection or implantation. Routes of Administration Routes of administration are the other concepts of administration of medicine that I have covered well so far. There are numerous routes by which medicine may be delivered into the systemic circulation of a patient, each with its strengths and weaknesses. It is thus imperative that nurses understand these routes’ implications, effectiveness, weaknesses, strengths, and patient experience.

Mao's paintings in Cultural Revolution and contemporary Chinese Art Term Paper

Mao's paintings in Cultural Revolution and contemporary Chinese Art - Term Paper Example The essay "Mao's paintings in Cultural Revolution and contemporary Chinese Art" discovers the Chinese contemporary Art and Mao's paintings in the context of Evaluation of Political Implication. This essay shall focus on the paintings of Mao Zedong during the Cultural Revolution of China and upon the matrix of the paintings by Zedong; a comparative study of the contemporary Chinese art shall enable to comprehend the different political messages inherent in the paintings evolving in different periods of Chinese history and cultural history. In order to compare the paintings of Mao during the Cultural Revolution in China with that of contemporary Chinese art, it is quintessential to understand the fact at the outset of the essay itself regarding the sources of the images of Mao Zedong in the Chinese art. If the span of leadership and influence of Mao Zedong is introspected from a close contour, it culminates into an inference that Zedong has reigned in the Chinese political regime for i n excess of a half century. This tenure is quite elaborate in nature; as a result the Chinese culture and art also underwent massive changes within the stipulated time frame. Not only did Chinese culture and society experience a massive change but also the Chinese art was not spared from the transformation the society was experiencing. In a very unprecedented manner, Chinese art experienced reforms that were related largely with its ideologies and presentations. Captivating the imprints of the revolutionary era., Chinese art evolved as one of the most celebrated and important facets of history of art in the world. Mao was dead but his physical death did not cease his eventual influence upon the people of China. Yan Shanchun correctly remarks in the essay, â€Å"The Image of Mao Zedong and Contemporary Chinese Art†, â€Å"Maoist’s thoughts on literature and art, and indeed his image, were the imperative factors in Chinese art movements in the entire later half of the t wentieth century† (Jiehong, 2007). It has been very rightly observed that most of the portraits of Mao Zedong have been sketched from the photographs of the great leader. The photographs of Mao since the initiation of the art of photography during the middle of the nineteenth century influenced the portraiture of Zedong. With the growing years, the influence of the soviet communist leaders on the cultural domain of China started gaining grounds. If the China’s political ideology is revised then it can be well observed that during the late 1950s the ideological foundation of China’s political philosophy found its base from the two elements; Marxism–Leninism evolved as a pure theory and the thought process of Mao Zedong acted as a practical ideology, a thought that was executed. And, in the similar fashion, the communist leaders were being worshipped in the houses and streets of Russia, the portrait of Mao Zedong started appearing in the walls, stations and important crossing across the country enabling a rage of personal cult worshipping in China (Chineseposters.net, 2013). Comparison While executing the introspection of the paintings of the great leader Mao Zedong during the years of Cultural Revolution and after the siege of the revolution which falls under the era of the contemporary Chinese art, a great variety in the size, transformation regarding the strategies of painting propagandas, and compositions

Airline mergers case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Airline mergers case study - Essay Example (Holtz and Grimme, 2009, p. 13) An ‘Open Skies’ agreement was signed between USA and European in 2007 that enabled the merged firms to ‘change their ownership structure’ and to get maximum voting rights from Dutch Government authorities. Indeed, the Air France and KLM then became subsidiaries of newly formed KLM – Air France. This was quite helpful in building shareholders’ confidence over top management of new company. (Holtz and Grimme, 2009, p. 14) The governments were paying special attention to develop environmental security laws and regulations to grapple with increasingly large menace of global warming. The demand of air travel was constantly growing since 2002 because of phenomenal economic growth and increase in real incomes in both developed West and emerging nations. This in turn created more opportunities for airlines that later resulted in higher monetary gains, however, the competition among firms increased substantially because of new entrants joined the arena. Indeed, the conditions were quite favorable because of skyrocketing demand for cargo services besides normal visitors. The merger would have easily increased business efficiency, market share and consumer reach. (Friesen, 2005) The increase in employment opportunities and business scope improved the standard of living across the world. Consumers, therefore, were inclined to use air travel services in their leisure. Similarly, business personnel were also required travel services to reach their destinations abroad for negotiation with partners, dealers and parties. Hence, propensity to spend for air travel had increased. (Katarzyna, 2004) The special attention was paid to develop modernised aircrafts with greater seat capacity, range and fuel-efficiency to minimise the threat of carbon emission and pollution. Indeed, the new aircrafts were produced to reduce consumption of fossil fuels. The bargaining power of customers was medium due to the fact the

Globalization and Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Globalization and Healthcare - Essay Example Thesis: Profession in Construction and Engineering play a critical role in globalization of healthcare provision. II. Engineering technologists design and construct hospital equipment for efficient healthcare. Such equipment have enhance globalization of healthcare III. Professionals in construction and engineering design health care facilities. They collaborate with health professions to ensure the facilities for different healthcare departments are conducive. IV. Developments in the field of construction and engineering have enhanced transport and communication. This has enabled traveling across the globe in search of better healthcare. Additionally, improved communication has enhanced sharing of knowledge between health professions. Introduction As healthcare provision becomes more individualized and global, the need for technological advancement has become inevitable. This has resulted in partnerships between professional in engineering and those from the healthcare profession. T his has proved helpful by enabling efficiency in overall healthcare provision. The field of construction and engineering play a role in several other fields including healthcare. Engineering technologists are involved in applying scientific principles as well as theories to manufacture appliances that help solve technical problems in fields such as medicine and healthcare. Professions in the field of construction and engineering have greatly contributed in enhancing healthcare research. Engineers ensure that devices used in healthcare are of quality through their role of quality control and inspections. Additionally, medical devices and machineries require frequent maintenances, which are done by engineering technologist. This paper focuses on the role of construction and engineering in globalization of healthcare. Additionally, the paper will analyze how construction and engineering projects affect global healthcare. There are several roles played by construction and engineering pr ofessions in enhancing healthcare. Health care professions do not have skills required to design and manufacture healthcare devices and machineries. The healthcare facilities require be designing and constructing appropriately, which is only possible through the intervention of engineers. Additionally, health care providers cannot maintain the machineries as well as the healthcare facilities. The role of engineers is thus crucial for effective operations in the hospitals. For sustainable health care provision, the healthcare providers must collaborate with professions from construction and engineering. For globalization of healthcare, there is need for changes in medical technologies, which are designed, developed, and maintained by engineers (National Academy of Sciences Web). Engineering technologists working in the field of research are involved in developing and manufacture of hospital equipment. The equipment could be for conducting experiments, data collection, record keeping, as well as for diagnosis and treatment purposes. Research conducted by engineering technologist aids in designing of new equipment such as computer aided machineries improving healthcare provision (National Academy of Sciences Web). Professions in construction and engineering play the role of designing and construction health care facilities. They ensures that the healthcare facilities are conducive for efficient healthcare provision. Additionally, the engineers must work in collaboration with healthcare professions to construct healthcare

The Evolution of Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Evolution of Capitalism - Essay Example Marx and Engels were very critical of capitalism and the methods proposed by Smith. For them capitalism creates class antagonisms and the only solution is to overthrow capitalism. Carnegie like Marx acknowledges class divisions, but views inequality as inevitable and the solution lies in administration of wealth. The aim of this paper is to explore the evolution of capitalism and its impact on society through the works of Smith, Marx and Carnegie. Adam Smith is considered as the father of free market capitalism with the invisible hand controlling the market. Industrialization led to the factory system which changed work patterns. Laborers now produced commodities for exchange in the market with prices determined by forces of demand and supply instead of producing for own use (Sanders et al. 203). Due to lack of other means of obtaining subsistence food and maintaining their race, they offered their labor to factory owners in exchange of wages thus commodifying labor. Division of labo r became the norm in factories leading to labor productivity since workers could produce more products than if acting alone (204). Some operations are more complex than others requiring different skills and as such wages were paid according to level of complexity. Actors in this system are driven by self-interest. In Adam’s words â€Å"it’s not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest† (204). By pursuing self-interest (profit) the capitalists provide essential goods and revenue to the community without intending to do so. Though market mechanisms regulate the market, sometimes the employers combine to sink wages below the natural rate (207). Smith condemns such combinations as they hinder competition and same case applies to government interventions. Free trade is encouraged as a nation cannot be self sufficient; it could be cheaper to import than manufacture locally (207 ). Marx agrees with Smith that division of labor leads to improved productivity thus new wealth acquisition and that competition brings market efficiency (214).However, those who produce wealth do not benefit as capitalists accumulate the surplus value. This to Marx is exploitation of labor and also results into two antagonistic classes; the bourgeoisies (capitalists) and proletariat (working class) (216). The discussion during the early 19th century thus moved from discussing the rise of capitalism and centered on the class struggles produced by capitalism. Free trade and competition advocated by Smith only serve to encourage exploitation of workers by the capitalists. If the market is allowed to operate freely, capitalists employ and dismiss labor as they like and offer low wages since they have a reserve army of workers (217). Furthermore, labor has been replaced by machines. The solution offered by Marx and Engels to end class antagonisms is to overthrow capitalism and replace i t with communism. This entails abolishing private property and move from â€Å"each according to his ability; to each according to his needs† (215). Carnegie agrees with Marx that capitalism produces classes as evidenced in America. New classes of the rich and poor emerged with the gap between them widening as rich accumulate more wealth (220). Since competition is healthy and the government ought not to intervene in the market, his main concern is how this wealth